This is a complex question, often a source of inspiration and a topic for essays when studying literature. The question is broad, mainly because literature can have several functions depending on the perspective being studied. Today, we will try to shed some light on the eight main functions of literature.
1. Aesthetics
Literary art was created with the aim of conveying beauty through words, so that readers can enjoy each and every paragraph they read. Aesthetics and social awareness are the initial keys to keeping readers engaged throughout the entire text. The use of literary devices such as metaphors and similes are common elements in countless works, among other things.
2. Social
Literary works bear witness to a social era and a hierarchy typical of their time. This type of document helps readers learn about current or past issues, adapt to a new environment, and understand the riches or misfortunes that existed at that time. The history of small villages, great kingdoms, or present-day communities is recounted in a playful and aesthetic manner in order to provide the reader with a learning experience.
3. Culture
Like any other art form, human beings shape their interests, ideals, customs, culture, existence, and desires. Literature is a means of transmitting the universal values of humanity or of the author of the era itself. It serves as a means of transmitting past or present culture on an event relevant to its creator.
4. Music
Literature, using its aesthetic function, employs elements of language that provide a harmonious and pleasant sound. It therefore uses literary devices such as rhyme and rhythm, not only in prose and poetry, but also in other texts. The language used by the author can have an impact on its sound, being complemented by aesthetics to give more strength and vigor to the work presented.
5. Emotional
The goal of some authors in their stories is to convey a value, a learning experience to the reader. For this reason, literary language usually carries a greater emotional charge than everyday language. The writer's goal is to transport the reader into their world, into the book and the story they are telling, to produce new sensations and experiences, and to open up a whole new world of opportunities for the reader.
6. Symbolism
The goal of certain authors in their stories is to convey a value, a learning opportunity to the reader. Beyond direct language, they strive to teach the reader about a parallel universe full of nuances and double meanings. That is why they use connotative, symbolic, and personal meanings. Through various literary devices, they manage to communicate feelings, illusions, and ideas.
7. The escape
Writers use literature to express their emotions and internal conflicts, as well as issues in society or their immediate environment. It is therefore a means of escape to convey their concerns, as well as to teach the reader.
8. Commitment
Every written work provides its author with a commitment to its historical and social context, as well as to the values or stories it wishes to convey. Authors must be aware that they can address major issues and denounce them through their works in order to express their point of view and perhaps influence readers or society regarding a certain event.